Refrigerant Types Used in UK HVAC Systems
UK HVAC engineers encounter a wide range of refrigerant types across heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Understanding the classification, properties and correct handling of each is essential for safe, compliant work.
HFC Refrigerants — The Current Mainstream
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are the dominant refrigerant family in UK HVAC today. They contain no chlorine (so no ODP) but have significant GWPs and are subject to F-Gas phase-down. Key UK examples:
- R32 — GWP 675, A2L, now standard for heat pumps and split AC
- R410A — GWP 2088, A1, legacy AC and multi-splits
- R407C — GWP 1774, A1, commercial AC and R22 retrofit
- R404A — GWP 3922, A1, legacy commercial refrigeration
- R134a — GWP 1430, A1, automotive and commercial
HFO Refrigerants — Low GWP New Generation
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) break down rapidly in the atmosphere, giving very low GWPs. Key examples in the UK:
- R1234yf — GWP 4, A2L, automotive AC post-2017
- R1234ze — GWP 1, A2L, large chillers
HFO Blends — Transition Refrigerants
Many newer refrigerants are blends combining HFOs with HFCs for improved performance: R448A, R449A (R404A replacements), R454B, R452B (R410A alternatives in development).
Natural Refrigerants — Long-Term Future
- R744 (CO2) — GWP 1, transcritical supermarket refrigeration
- R717 (Ammonia) — GWP 0, industrial cold storage
- R290 (Propane) — GWP 3, small commercial and domestic
- R600a (Isobutane) — GWP 3, domestic fridges
Browse our full refrigerant gas range for trade supply of all UK HVAC refrigerants.